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The Exodus of the Hebrews, Moses and the Pharaohs

 

 

Part VII

 

The Co-existence of Asiatic and Egyptian Religions

 

 

Religious differences between Egyptians of the Osirian cult and Asiatics who worshipped Baal and Ashtaroth were not issues of conflict, since they shared common deities. The long dominion of Osiris in alliance with Baal and Ashtaroth before the latter part of the cycle of Cpenta Armij is relected in the co-existence of these deities in these two religions and cultures.

 

In the various extracts following, it can be seen that the relationship of any subsidiary rulers to the Egyptians during the last hundred years before the New Kingdom was not one of domination, but rather the other way around. Religious differences had often been accommodated under alliances of deities and had long been practiced between Egyptians and Asiatics. Even when Ahmose I made a major change in the Egyptian religion by replacing the cult of Osiris with Amun/Re as supreme deity, since both the Egyptians of Osiris cult and the Asiatics who were not Faithists, also worshiped Re, there was not significant conflict of religion:

 

http://www.philae.nu/akhet/history5.html

retrieved 28 Sept, 07.

||...Their [Hyksos] chosen main state god was Set, probably because they saw in him one of their own Asiatic gods rather than the god playing the same part as he had done in the cult of Osiris. Since the Hyksos rulers also worshipped the old royal god Re, it seems they did not force any foreign religious beliefs upon the Egyptians....||

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun

retrieved 5 Sept, 07.

||....And so there, his [Amun] identity became first subsumed into Ra (Ra-Herakhty), who still remained an identifiable figure in the Osiris cult, but ultimately, became merely an aspect of Horus….||

 

http://touregypt.net/featurestories/sync.htm

retrieved 28 Sept, 07

||In form, most commonly, the god's names were simply linked, creating synchronized gods such as Atum-Khepri, Re-Horakhty, and Amun-Re. This process could also bring together Egyptian and foreign gods. Anat-Hathor was an Asiatic-Egyptian god, while Arensnuphis-Shu was the combination of  Meroitic [Nubian] and Egyptian deities.|| The Syncretism of Egyptian Gods; Jefferson Monet (2003)

 

http://egyiptom.freeweb.hu/english/hyksies.html

retrieved 26 Sept, 07.

Extract: ||Though the kings of the 15th dynasty ruled over the country, the sources suggest that the 16th dynasty ruled as local subordinate authorities in the regional centers of the countryside all over Egypt in the meantime. This authority held more power than a simple mayor. The political construction reminded more to an early feudal society than an absolute monarchy.

The Hyksos fully assimilated to the local cultural life. They tolerated the Egyptian religion. Surprisingly the most important religious cult was the one of Seth, who was the god of chaos, infertility, destruction, the deity of the desert and wild storms for the Egyptians. Though he is not fully evil (read more about him in our "Gods" section), by his mythical role - he is the assassin and the self-elected successor of Osiris - he is the opponent of the pharaoh, who is the representation of Osiris. This probably must have been intentional ideological confrontation against the pharaohs who were considered to be the manifestation of Horus in person and the traditional enemies for Seth. This opposition is proven by the name "Apophis" preferred among Hyksos kings which is another trace of the Seth-cult (Apophis is the celestial serpent who tries to prevent the bark of Ra from processing on the Western horizon but Seth defeats it night after night).

The circumstances around the reconquest of the power and beating off the Hyksos are not less unclear than the invasion that led to the foreign domination.||

 

http://www.freemaninstitute.com/Gallery/joseph.htm

retrieved 26 Nov, 07.

||The period of their [Hyksos] rule was a time of peace and prosperity for Egypt. They respected the native religions, maintained ancient Egyptian as the official language of the government, and allowed many Egyptians to serve in the high levels of the administration of the state. They taught the Egyptians new military techniques and introduced the use of the horse and chariot, 
The Hyksos were unable to quell the feelings of Egyptian nationalism. They held the southern lands in check with an alliance with the Nubian kingdom of Cush. Despite this, the southern Egyptian city of Thebes finally began a war of independence that culminated with the expulsion of the Hyksos by Ahmose I in 1567 BC.

No hostility seems to have been between the two parts until the last 20 years after a century of relatively peace....||

 

http://www.hebrewhistory.info/factpapers/fp010-2_egypt.htm

retrieved 29 Sept, 07

||Of all the events that took place in the time of the Asiatic chieftains, the most important was one that did not occur: There was no war of consequence in Egypt throughout the rule of the Semitic chieftains!

This singular fact has been misunderstood, or deliberately distorted, for it is said that during the time of Hyksos rule the power and influence of Egypt declined.|| Egypt and the Semites; Samuel Kurinsky 1994

 

 

http://www.ancient-egypt.org/index.html

retrieved 28 Sept, 07

||The find of two seals of Nebiriraw I (16th Dynasty) at Lisht, well in Hyksos territory, is quite intriguing, for it could indicate a temporary relaxation in the otherwise tense relationships between the two houses that ruled over parts of Egypt.||

 

 

From the above extracts there is confirmation that there was no significant overt discord in the relationship between the so called Hyksos and the southern Egyptians. The archaeological evidence of Pharaoh’s seals found in the Delta regions confirm the authority of the Egyptian Pharaoh in these parts. The seal of the Pharaoh being required to authorise and approve matters of state, accords with Oahspe in that regard and further proves the subsidiary position of local governors to the Pharaoh:


Oahspe, Bk of the Arc of Bon,

|| 27/17.6. And whoso goes here or there, save by the sign of the signet

of my [Pharaoh’s] seal, shall surely be put to death.||

 

 

This relationship of subordinate rulers to the Pharaoh is further described in Oahspe:

 

Oahspe, Bk of the Arc of Bon,

 ||27/14.10. The Sun is the central power; its accompanying planets are

satellites. In like manner the king of Egupt was the Sun King and his

sub-kings (governors) were satellites. Osiris, the highest angel in

heaven, was the Sun God, that is God of Gods; for all other Gods were

his satellites. He revealed certain laws to mortals, and these were Sun

laws...

11. Among the Sun laws were the following, to wit: The god of Gods,

(i.e. Osiris) decrees: Whose bows not down to me, shall not partake of

me. Behold, mine is the sign of the circle! My enemies shall not

receive great learning.

12. They shall not hold sun places, but be as servants only all their

lives. And these signs shall discover them....||

 

 

It can be understood from the above that Egyptian law accepted those who accepted Osiris as supreme God, allowing them to have ruling positions subordinate to the Pharaoh.  This helps to explain the absorption of such Asiatics as accepted Egyptian Religion into the ruling classes of Egypt. Egypt had long been a nexus between Nubia in the south and Asia in the North East, the criteria of what was Egyptian had more to do with culture and religion than a particular ethnic group, since Egypt’s existence sprung from, and continued to develop, via a mixture of people and cultures.

 

Foreign subsidiary rulers to Egypt are further referred to in Oahspe in relation to Moses who was the Pharaoh’s ambassador for 12 years, prior to 1550 b.c.e. Contrary to being subservient to foreign rule, Egyptian hegemony was dominant even though there was the constant fear of subordinate regions attempting to overthrow the Egyptian yoke.

 

Oahspe, Bk of the Arc of Bon,

||27/15.13...Moses was a master of many languages, and was

acquainted with kings and queens and governors, far and near. And he

espoused the cause of the king, whose dominions held seven kingdoms

beyond Egypt as tributary kingdoms, which paid taxes to Pharaoh.

14. And so Pharaoh made Moses ambassador to the foreign kingdoms,

in which capacity he served twelve years. But because of the prejudice

against him, for being of Israelite blood, the court of Pharoah

importuned the king for his removal, and Moses was so removed from

office under the king.||

 

 

 

Isis and Nephthys proclaiming that both Re and their bother Osiris occupy the same heavenly bodyReligion, as does Art, reflects the culture and society. It is evident in the shared deities of the Asiatics

and Egyptians who worshipped these deities, that there was an accepted co existence between them.

The contentious relationship between Hyksos and Egyptian as stressed in the supposed 2nd Intermediate

period is found to be non existent. Even in the New Kingdom, the  emerging Greek religion worships     

Zeus, who shares a synchronicity with Amun-Re of the Egyptians, indicating a direct connection between

the common deities of both cultures. This is also in accord with what Oahspe reveals about the

lower heaven and earthly dominions of Baal  during the cycle of Lika.

 

 

 

            

            

             

            

 

 

 

 

A depiction of Isis and Nephthys proclaiming their

brother Re and Osiris occupy the same heavenly abode.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

All Oahspe references are from the Standard Edition Oahspe of 2007






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The Exodus Part VIII - The Exodus of the Hebrews IS the Expulsion of the Hyksos




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